Which Supreme Court ruling established judicial review?

The ruling that established judicial review is Marbury v. Madison from 1803. This case was significant as it set the precedent that the Supreme Court has the authority to review acts of Congress and determine whether they are constitutional. In this landmark decision, Chief Justice John Marshall asserted that it is the duty of the judiciary to interpret the law and to invalidate any legislative acts that conflict with the Constitution. This ruling effectively empowered the judiciary with the ability to check the other branches of government, establishing a key mechanism for maintaining the balance of power within the federal government.

The other cases mentioned do not pertain to the establishment of judicial review. For example, Brown v. Board of Education primarily dealt with segregation in public schools and declared that "separate but equal" educational facilities are inherently unequal. Plessy v. Ferguson upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation under the "separate but equal" doctrine. Worcester v. Georgia addressed the relationship between state and tribal authority, focusing on the rights of Native American nations. Thus, Marbury v. Madison stands alone in its impact on judicial review and the role of the Supreme Court in interpreting the Constitution.