Which landmark case established the principle of "one person, one vote"?

The principle of "one person, one vote" was established in the case of Baker v. Carr. This landmark Supreme Court ruling in 1962 addressed the issue of legislative representation and the fairness of electoral districts. It determined that districts must be roughly equal in population, thereby ensuring that each person's vote carries the same weight in elections. This case was a significant development in the field of political representation and reinforced the importance of equitable voting rights in a democratic society.

The other cases listed dealt with different constitutional issues: Roe v. Wade focused on reproductive rights, Brown v. Board of Education addressed racial segregation in public schools, and Miranda v. Arizona concerned the rights of an accused person in police custody. While each of these rulings is crucial in its own right, only Baker v. Carr specifically dealt with the issue of voting representation, making it the correct answer for this question.