Which government body is responsible for proposing amendments to the Constitution?

The correct answer indicates that both the House of Representatives and the Senate play a critical role in the proposal of amendments to the Constitution. According to Article V of the U.S. Constitution, an amendment can be proposed either by a two-thirds majority vote in both chambers of Congress or by a convention called for by two-thirds of the state legislatures. This joint responsibility underscores the collaborative nature of the legislative process when it comes to making significant changes to the Constitution.

In this context, the House and Senate both must agree for an amendment to progress, reflecting the principle of checks and balances that is fundamental to the structure of the U.S. government. This requirement helps ensure that any amendment has widespread support before being ratified.

The other options would not suffice for proposing amendments. While the House and Senate are directly involved in the proposal, the Supreme Court's role is interpretative, affecting how the Constitution is understood and applied, rather than proposing changes to it.