When does a new session of Congress begin?

A new session of Congress begins on January 3rd of odd-numbered years. This timing is established by the 20th Amendment to the United States Constitution, which states that Congress shall commence its regular session on January 3rd following the election of its members. The significance of odd-numbered years is linked to congressional elections that occur every two years, allowing the newly elected representatives and senators to convene and begin their work.

The other options do not align with this constitutional requirement. January 1st and February 1st are not designated dates for the commencement of Congress, while January 1st of even-numbered years does not correlate with the electoral cycle for Congress. Thus, the correct answer reflects the formal and established schedule for the legislative body, ensuring that it meets to conduct its business as constitutionally mandated.