What does the term "lame duck" refer to in politics?

The term "lame duck" primarily refers to an outgoing official after losing an election. This situation arises when an elected official, such as a president, senator, or representative, has not been re-elected or has chosen not to run for reelection, yet continues to serve in their position until the conclusion of their term. During this period, the official may have diminished political power and influence, as their successor is already chosen but has not yet taken office. Consequently, they are often perceived as less effective in enacting new policies or pursuing significant legislative initiatives, leading to the term's widespread usage in political discussions.

Other options describe different contexts that do not align with the specific definition of a "lame duck." For instance, influential officials or those newly elected have a different status and roles in the political landscape. A transitional government official serves a distinct purpose, which is not applicable to the "lame duck" scenario.